Rangifer tarandus (ungulate)

Mass: 69 kg based on Mathiesen et al. 2000 and Puputti and Niskanen 2008

Diet: browser based on Thompson et al. 2015

Abundance: 0.02 to 99.71% (median 3.28%)

Latitudinal range: 40.0° to 72.8°

Habitats: (41), boreal forest/taiga (4), montane grassland (4), tundra (1)

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view a larger map

Found in 50 samples

Canada: Old Crow River Loc. 11A (square S30E120) (Late Pleistocene), Learmonth Site (Holocene), Peale Point House 2 (1) (Holocene), Winefred Lake, EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 2), EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 3), Algar

France: Grotte du Bison (Level I) (Late Pleistocene), Mas d'Azil (Late Pleistocene), Chez-Pinaud Jonzac (Layer 22) (Late Pleistocene), Caune de l'Arago (Unit D) (Middle Pleistocene), Vergisson II (Late Pleistocene), Romain-la-Roche (Middle Pleistocene), Les Pradelles (level 9) (Late Pleistocene), Les Pradelles (level 10) (Late Pleistocene)

Germany: Salzgitter Lebenstedt (Late Pleistocene)

Poland: Borsuka Cave (Layer VI) (Late Pleistocene), Raj Cave (layer 4) (Late Pleistocene), Raj Cave (layer 6) (Late Pleistocene)

Russia: Svetly (layer 5) (Late Pleistocene), Geographical Society Cave (Late Pleistocene), Bugul'deika II Layer II-2 (Holocene), Chagyrskaya Cave (Layer 5) (Late Pleistocene), Chagyrskaya Cave (Layer 6) (Late Pleistocene), Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 2A) (Late Pleistocene), Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 3) (Late Pleistocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 2) (Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 3) (Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 4) (Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 5) (Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 6) (Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 7) (Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 8) (Pleistocene - Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 9) (Late Pleistocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 10) (Late Pleistocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 11) (Late Pleistocene), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 4 (1998–1999 pit) (Holocene), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 5 (1998–1999 pit) (Late Pleistocene), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 6 (1998–1999 pit) (Late Pleistocene), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 7 (1998–1999 pit) (Late Pleistocene), Byzovaya (Late Pleistocene)

United Kingdom: Lynford Quarry (Late Pleistocene), Balderton Sand and Gravel (Middle Pleistocene)

United States: Dalton Highway, Jack Wade (Late Pleistocene), Bootlegger Sink (Pleistocene - Holocene), Molybdenum Ridge (triggered detections), Molybdenum Ridge (time-lapse detections), Black Rapids Training Area (triggered detections), Black Rapids Training Area (time-lapse detections)

Size measurements:
♀ body mass54200 kgN = 6Mathiesen et al. 2000
♀ body mass64900 kgN = 18Mathiesen et al. 2000
♀ body mass61900 kgN = 38Mathiesen et al. 2000
♀ body mass91600 kgN = 12Puputti and Niskanen 2008
♂ body mass155400 kgN = 4Puputti and Niskanen 2008

See also Rangifer