Panthera pardus (carnivore)

Mass: 33 kg based on Ebedes 1970, Jenny 1996, Martins and Harris 2013, Stuart 1981, Ward 1926, and Weise et al. 2015

Diet: carnivore based on Stuart 1981, Jenny 1996, Karanth and Sunquist 2000, and Ray and Sunquist 2001

Abundance: 0.03 to 10.86% (median 0.74%)

Latitudinal range: -34.0° to 47.5°

Habitats: (67), Mediterranean woodland (1), boreal forest/taiga (1), desert/xeric shrubland (2), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (6), temperate savanna (2), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (12), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (12), tropical/subtropical savanna (13)

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view a larger map

Found in 116 samples

Burkina Faso: Arly National Park (2017)

Cambodia: Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhep Wildlife Sanctuary, Boh Dambang (Late Pleistocene)

China: Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Hunchun National Reserve (winter), Hunchun National Reserve (summer), Foping National Nature Reserve (2020), Wuyun Cave (Middle Pleistocene), Bailongdong (Middle Pleistocene)

Ethiopia: Belete-Gera National Forest Priority Area (natural forest), Belete-Gera National Forest Priority Area (coffee forest)

France: Noisetier Cave (Late Pleistocene), Coudoulous I (Faunal Unit III) (Middle Pleistocene), Coudoulous I (Faunal Units IV and V) (Middle Pleistocene), Romain-la-Roche (Middle Pleistocene), Lazaret (C II supérieur UA 13-17) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble G) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble F) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble D) (Late Pleistocene)

Ghana: Mole National Park

India: Savandurga State Forest (monsoon), Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Valparai Plateau, Similipal Tiger Reserve (camera traps), Akole Tahsil, Dachigam National Park, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (good habitat area), Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (poor habitat area), Kotada Bhadli (Holocene), Badmal (Period IB) (Holocene), Cathedral Cave (MIS 5) (Late Pleistocene)

Iran: Lar Protected Area, Wezmeh Cave (Late Pleistocene), Golestan National Park

Israel: Tel Ro'im West (Late PPNB) (Holocene)

Italy: Caverna degli Orsi (sondage A, Unit 11.1) (Late Pleistocene), Caverna degli Orsi (sondage A, Unit 11.2) (Late Pleistocene), Isernia La Pineta (3 colluvio level) (Middle Pleistocene), Grotta Cucgiliana (Late Pleistocene)

Kenya: Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL2.1) (Holocene), Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL2.2) (Holocene), Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL2.3) (Holocene), Enkapune Ya Muto (DBS) (Holocene), Karungu (Late Pleistocene), Kibogo (Late Pleistocene), Lainyamok (Middle Pleistocene)

Lesotho: Sehonghong (RF) (Late Pleistocene), Sehonghong (RBL/CLBRF) (Late Pleistocene), Sehonghong (BAS) (Late Pleistocene)

Malaysia: Merapoh, Jerangau Forest Reserve, North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, Jenut Bayek, Jenut Wan Bulan and Fruiting Area, Endau Rompin National Park

Morocco: Gazelle Cave (upper level) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L 1) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L 2) (Late Pleistocene), Zouhrah Cave (L 3) (Pleistocene - Holocene)

Myanmar: Kweenkoh, Mae Nyaw Kee South

Namibia: Waterberg Plateau Park (surrounding flatlands), Waterberg Escarpment, Waterberg Plateau Park, Namib-Naukluft National Park, Etosha Region

North Korea: Chongphadae Cave (Late Pleistocene)

Portugal: Gruta de Figueira Brava (Area C) (Late Pleistocene)

Republic of the Congo: Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Forestry Management Unit Ngombé

Russia: Geographical Society Cave (Late Pleistocene), Mezmaiskaya Cave (Layer 2A) (Late Pleistocene)

Senegal: Drambos Cave, Diouboye (Holocene)

South Africa: Groenefontein Nature Reserve (fynbos), Garden Route National Park (Site 1), Between George and Karatara, Sibudu Cave (Pinkish Grey Sand) (Late Pleistocene), Equus Cave (Unit 1A) (Holocene), Equus Cave (Unit 1B) (Late Pleistocene), Goudveld State Forest (survey cycle 1), Goudveld State Forest (survey cycle 2), Plovers Lake (Late Pleistocene), Diepkloof Rock Shelter (MSA - Post HP) (Late Pleistocene), Diepkloof Rock Shelter (MSA - Late HP) (Late Pleistocene), Diepkloof Rock Shelter (MSA - Jack) (Late Pleistocene), Diepkloof Rock Shelter (MSA - Mike) (Late Pleistocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member BLD) (Holocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member BLA) (Holocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member YOL) (Late Pleistocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member BP) (Late Pleistocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member OLP) (Late Pleistocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member BOL) (Late Pleistocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member OCH) (Late Pleistocene), Boomplaas Cave (Member LOH) (Late Pleistocene), Equus Cave (Unit 2A) (Late Pleistocene), Equus Cave (Unit 2B) (Late Pleistocene)

Spain: Jou Puerta (Late Pleistocene), Imanolen Arrobia (Late Pleistocene)

Sudan: Khor Shambat 1 (Mesolithic) (Holocene)

Tanzania: Mwanihana, Ruaha National Park (dry season, random placement), Mwanihana Forest (2013), Mlele Forest Reserve, Tli’ika, Kuumbi Cave (Trench 10, Phase 1b) (Holocene), Kuumbi Cave (Trench 10, Phase 3) (Late Pleistocene), Kuumbi Cave (Trench 10, Phase 4) (Late Pleistocene)

Thailand: Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, Doi Pha Kan (Late Pleistocene)

Turkey: Ulucak Höyük (Level V) (Holocene)

Uganda: Nile Delta

Vietnam: Duoi U'Oi (Late Pleistocene), Lang Trang (Cave II, breccia 5) (Late Pleistocene)

Yemen: Hawf

Zimbabwe: Ingwezi Game Management Project

Size measurements:
♀ body mass37648 kgN = 1Ebedes 1970
♀ body mass34000 kgN = 1Jenny 1996
♀ body mass32000 kgN = 1Jenny 1996
♀ body mass20500 kgN = 4Martins and Harris 2013
♀ body mass21200 kgN = 9Stuart 1981
♀ body mass29484 kgN = 1Ward 1926
♀ body mass40823 kgN = 1Ward 1926
♀ body mass31000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass34000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass30000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass38000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass31000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass36000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass35000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass31000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ body mass39000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass50349 kgN = 1Ebedes 1970
♂ body mass56000 kgN = 1Jenny 1996
♂ body mass35000 kgN = 10Martins and Harris 2013
♂ body mass30900 kgN = 27Stuart 1981
♂ body mass54431 kgN = 1Ward 1926
♂ body mass72575 kgN = 1Ward 1926
♂ body mass54000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass63000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass61000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass54000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass48000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass44000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass52000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♂ body mass42000 kgN = 1Weise et al. 2015
♀ ear length70 mmN = 7Stuart 1981
♂ ear length73 mmN = 20Stuart 1981
♀ head and body length1140 mmN = 1Jenny 1996
♀ head and body length1180 mmN = 1Jenny 1996
♀ head and body length1030 mmN = 8Stuart 1981
♂ head and body length1380 mmN = 1Jenny 1996
♂ head and body length1107 mmN = 21Stuart 1981
♀ hind foot length206 mmN = 7Stuart 1981
♂ hind foot length219 mmN = 20Stuart 1981
♀ skull length200 mmN = 9Stuart 1981
♂ skull length219 mmN = 21Stuart 1981
♀ tail length850 mmN = 1Jenny 1996
♀ tail length820 mmN = 1Jenny 1996
♀ tail length677 mmN = 8Stuart 1981
♂ tail length900 mmN = 1Jenny 1996
♂ tail length678 mmN = 20Stuart 1981
♀ total body length2743 mmN = 1Ward 1926
♀ total body length2845 mmN = 1Ward 1926
♂ total body length2667 mmN = 1Ward 1926
♂ total body length3251 mmN = 1Ward 1926

See also Panthera, Panthera atrox, Panthera gombaszoegensis, Panthera leo, Panthera onca, Panthera sp., Panthera spelaea, Panthera tigris, Panthera uncia