Abundance: 0.01 to 71.43% (median 0.60%)
Latitudinal range: 39.7° to 63.8°Habitats: (20), boreal forest/taiga (4), montane grassland (3)
Found in 27 samples
Canada: Charlie Lake Cave (Zone IV) (Holocene), EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 1), EMEND site (retention level 100%, replicate 2), Algar
China: Kanas National Nature Reserve, Jinsitai Cave (Layer 7) (Late Pleistocene)
France: Vergisson II (Late Pleistocene), Romain-la-Roche (Middle Pleistocene)
Mongolia: Otson Tsokhio and Zuun Shovkh (Late Pleistocene)
Poland: Borsuka Cave (Layer VI) (Late Pleistocene), Zabia Cave (Layer 19) (Early Pleistocene), Zabia Cave (Layer 18) (Early Pleistocene), Zabia Cave (Layer 17) (Early Pleistocene), Zabia Cave (Layer 15) (Early Pleistocene), Zabia Cave (Layer 13) (Early Pleistocene), Zabia Cave (Layer 12) (Early Pleistocene), Zabia Cave (Layer 9) (Early Pleistocene)
Russia: Geographical Society Cave (Late Pleistocene), Bol'shoj Naryn (Paleosol Layers) (Late Pleistocene), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 1) (Late Pleistocene), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 2) (Late Pleistocene), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 3) (Late Pleistocene), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 4) (Late Pleistocene)
United States: Molybdenum Ridge (triggered detections), Molybdenum Ridge (time-lapse detections), Black Rapids Training Area (triggered detections), Cumberland Cave (Middle Pleistocene)
See also Gulo gulo, Gulo schlosseri, Gulo sp.