Equus ferus (ungulate)

Mass: 422 kg based on Zabek et al. 2014

Abundance: 0.01 to 63.49% (median 4.46%)

Latitudinal range: -37.0° to 65.0°

Habitats: (111), Mediterranean woodland (1), desert/xeric shrubland (3), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (4), temperate savanna (1), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (2), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (1)

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view a larger map

Found in 123 samples

Argentina: Acambuco, Empalme Querandíes 1 (Holocene)

Australia: Goonoo State Conservation Area (on-track, pre-baiting)

Brazil: Catimbau National Park

Bulgaria: Redaka II (Late Pleistocene)

China: Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Shuidonggou Locality 12 (Late Pleistocene), Dazhushan (Late Pleistocene), Songhua River (Late Pleistocene), Tawendaliha (Holocene), Xiariyamakebu (Holocene), Talitaliha (Holocene), Gezishan Locality 10 (Fourth layer) (Late Pleistocene), Wanglang Nature Reserve (2020), Foping National Nature Reserve (2020), Yujiagou (Layer 3B) (Late Pleistocene), Yujiagou (Layer 4) (Late Pleistocene), Jinsitai Cave (Layer 7) (Late Pleistocene), Jinsitai Cave (Layer 8) (Late Pleistocene), Guandimiao (Holocene), Dabeigou (Late Pleistocene)

Ecuador: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Marina y Costera Pacoche

Ethiopia: Harlaa (Holocene)

France: Grotte du Bison (Level I) (Late Pleistocene), Mas d'Azil (Late Pleistocene), Les Auzières 2 (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 2) (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 3) (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 4) (Late Pleistocene), Noisetier Cave (Late Pleistocene), Chez-Pinaud Jonzac (Layer 22) (Late Pleistocene), Vergisson II (Late Pleistocene), Romain-la-Roche (Middle Pleistocene), Lazaret (C II supérieur UA 13-17) (Middle Pleistocene), Les Pradelles (level 9) (Late Pleistocene), Les Pradelles (level 10) (Late Pleistocene)

Georgia: Dzudzuana Cave (lower area, Unit B) (Late Pleistocene)

Hungary: Oltovâny Castle (Holocene)

India: Takalghat (Holocene), Naikund (Holocene), Malvan (Period I) (Holocene), Malvan (Period II) (Holocene), Chandankhera (Period IV: Vakataka) (Holocene)

Iran: Wezmeh Cave (Late Pleistocene)

Israel: Qesem Cave Hearth unit (Middle Pleistocene), Qesem Cave LSBS (Middle Pleistocene)

Italy: Western Trento Province (2012), Cava Muracci (Late Pleistocene), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer D-E3) (Late Pleistocene), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer C2) (Late Pleistocene), Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer C1) (Late Pleistocene), La Sassa Cave (Late Pleistocene), Capalbiaccio (Building J, Level III) (Holocene), Grotta Cucgiliana (Late Pleistocene)

Jordan: Shishan Marsh 1 (Level 7b) (Late Pleistocene)

Kazakhstan: Tasbas (Phase 2b) (Holocene), Tasbas (Phase 3) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 1b) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 2) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 3a) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 3b) (Holocene), Begash (Phase 4) (Holocene)

Mongolia: Tolbor-21 (AH4) (Late Pleistocene), Otson Tsokhio and Zuun Shovkh (Late Pleistocene)

North Korea: Chongphadae Cave (Late Pleistocene)

Poland: Borsuka Cave (Layer VI) (Late Pleistocene), Raj Cave (layer 4) (Late Pleistocene), Raj Cave (layer 6) (Late Pleistocene), Sadowie 2 (Neolithic) (Holocene), Sadowie 2 (Early Bronze Age) (Holocene)

Portugal: Foz do Enxarrique (Late Pleistocene), Gruta de Figueira Brava (Area C) (Late Pleistocene)

Romania: Noviodunum (TPF sector, Getic period) (Holocene), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Roman period) (Holocene), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Middle Ages) (Holocene)

Russia: Geographical Society Cave (Late Pleistocene), Gornovo (Late Pleistocene), Bugul'deika II Layer II-2 (Holocene), Chagyrskaya Cave (Layer 5) (Late Pleistocene), Chagyrskaya Cave (Layer 6) (Late Pleistocene), Kamenka (Late Pleistocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 8) (Pleistocene - Holocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 9) (Late Pleistocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 10) (Late Pleistocene), Cheremukhovo-1 (Bed 11) (Late Pleistocene), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 1) (Late Pleistocene), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 2) (Late Pleistocene), Imanay Cave (Pleistocene Layer 4) (Late Pleistocene), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 5 (1998–1999 pit) (Late Pleistocene), Khayrgas Cave - Layer 6 (1998–1999 pit) (Late Pleistocene), Byzovaya (Late Pleistocene)

Serbia: Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, first phase) (Holocene), Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, second phase) (Holocene)

Spain: Abric Romaní (Level Ja) (Late Pleistocene), Abric Romaní (Level Jb) (Late Pleistocene), Jou Puerta (Late Pleistocene), El Horno Cave (Level 1) (Late Pleistocene), El Horno Cave (Level 2) (Late Pleistocene), Cueva del Angel (Late Pleistocene), El Mirón Cave (Final Magdalenian) (Pleistocene - Holocene), El Mirón Cave (Upper Magdalenian) (Late Pleistocene), El Mirón Cave (Middle Magdalenian) (Late Pleistocene), El Cierro Cave (Level C/D) (Late Pleistocene), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/1) (Holocene), Bolomor Cave (Level XI) (Middle Pleistocene), Bolomor Cave (Level XVIIc) (Middle Pleistocene), Bolomor Cave (Level XII) (Middle Pleistocene), Bolomor Cave (Level IV) (Middle Pleistocene)

Syria: Tell Tuneinir (Area 6 - Market) (Holocene)

Tunisia: Meninx (Holocene)

Turkey: Ciglikara Nature Reserve

Ukraine: Prolom II (Late Pleistocene), Mirnoe (Holocene), Grot Skeliastyi (III-3) (Late Pleistocene), Buran-Kaya III Layer 4 (Late Pleistocene)

United Arab Emirates: Early ed-Dur (50 BC - 150 AD) (Holocene)

United Kingdom: Lynford Quarry (Late Pleistocene), Balderton Sand and Gravel (Middle Pleistocene)

United States: North Fork of the Cache la Poudre River, Davis Mountain Preserve, West of US 287

Uzbekistan: Kara-tepe (Holocene), Kyzyltepa (Holocene)

Size measurements:
♀ body mass434000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♀ body mass320000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♂ body mass474000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♂ body mass430000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♂ body mass414000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♂ body mass481000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♂ body mass432000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♂ body mass387000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014
♂ body mass446000 kgN = 1Zabek et al. 2014

See also Equus, Equus africanus, Equus algericus, Equus altidens, Equus apolloniensis, Equus capensis, Equus complicatus, Equus conversidens, Equus grevyi, Equus hemionus, Equus hydruntinus, Equus kiang, Equus lambei, Equus leidyi, Equus livenzovensis, Equus major, Equus mauritanicus, Equus mexicanus, Equus mosbachensis, Equus neogeus, Equus niobrarensis, Equus numidicus, Equus occidentalis, Equus ovodovi, Equus quagga, Equus sanmeniensis, Equus scotti, Equus senezensis, Equus sivalensis, Equus sp., Equus sp. large, Equus sp. small, Equus spp., Equus steinheimensis, Equus stenonis, Equus suessenbornensis, Equus tabeti, Equus torralbae, Equus wuesti, Equus zebra