Abundance: 0.21 to 64.19% (median 3.70%)

Latitudinal range: -8.1° to 38.3°

Habitats: (36), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (3), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (2)

Found in 41 samples

Bangladesh: Atora Hill, Rajkandi

Cambodia: Boh Dambang (Late Pleistocene), Vat Komnou (Holocene)

China: Shuidonggou Locality 12 (Late Pleistocene), Ma'anshan Cave (upper layer) (Late Pleistocene), Ma'anshan Cave (lower layer) (Late Pleistocene), Zhoujiazhuang (Holocene), Gouwan (Holocene), Tianluoshan (Holocene), Shuidonggou Locality 7 (Late Pleistocene), Ganxian Cave (Middle Pleistocene), Bailongdong (Middle Pleistocene)

India: Takalghat (Holocene), Naikund (Holocene), Girawad (Holocene), Khirsara (layer 2) (Holocene), Bharatpur and Jagannathprasad, Kunal - Period IA (Pre-Harappan - Layer 6) (Holocene), Kunal - Period IA (Pre-Harappan - Layer 7) (Holocene), Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5) (Holocene), Vadnagar (Ghaskol Darwaza Area) (Holocene), Vadnagar (Khari Kui (Primary School-3) Area) (Holocene), Mitathal (Layer 2) (Holocene), Chandankhera (Period III: Satavahana) (Holocene), Chandankhera (Period IV: Vakataka) (Holocene), Kotada Bhadli (Holocene), Badmal (Period IB) (Holocene), Gopnath (Late Pleistocene)

Indonesia: Buton Utara, Lambusango, Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 4) (Late Pleistocene), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 3) (Late Pleistocene), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 2) (Late Pleistocene), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 1) (Holocene)

Thailand: Ban Rai rockshelter (Holocene), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 1) (Late Pleistocene), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 2) (Late Pleistocene), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 3) (Late Pleistocene)

Vietnam: Duoi U'Oi (Late Pleistocene), Lang Trang (Cave II, breccia 5) (Late Pleistocene)

See also Bubalus arnee, Bubalus bubalis, Bubalus mephistopheles, Bubalus sp., Bubalus spp.