Mass: 27 kg based on Clauss et al. 2008 and Nesti et al. 2010

Diet: browser-grazer based on La Morgia and Bassano 2009

Abundance: 0.01 to 97.15% (median 2.43%)

Latitudinal range: 39.5° to 47.6°

Habitats: (25), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (3), temperate coniferous forest (1)

Found in 29 samples

Bulgaria: Osogovo Mountain (opportunistic study)

Croatia: Northern Velebit National Park, Mujina Pecina (Level B) (Late Pleistocene), Mujina Pecina (Level D1) (Late Pleistocene), Mujina Pecina (Level D2) (Late Pleistocene)

France: Salève, Grotte du Bison (Level I) (Late Pleistocene), Mas d'Azil (Late Pleistocene), Les Auzières 2 (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 2) (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 3) (Late Pleistocene), Les Canalettes (Layer 4) (Late Pleistocene), Noisetier Cave (Late Pleistocene), Romain-la-Roche (Middle Pleistocene), Lazaret (C II supérieur UA 13-17) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble G) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble F) (Middle Pleistocene), Payre (ensemble D) (Late Pleistocene)

Italy: Western Trento Province (2012), Mondeval de Sora (SU 8) (Holocene), Mondeval de Sora (SU 31) (Holocene), Grotta Cucgiliana (Late Pleistocene)

Portugal: Picareiro Cave (Layer E - Lower) (Late Pleistocene), Picareiro Cave (Layer F) (Late Pleistocene)

Spain: El Mirón Cave (Azilian) (Holocene), El Mirón Cave (Final Magdalenian) (Pleistocene - Holocene), El Mirón Cave (Upper Magdalenian) (Late Pleistocene), El Mirón Cave (Middle Magdalenian) (Late Pleistocene), La Fragua Cave (Level 4) (Late Pleistocene)

body mass	24300 kg	N = 5	Clauss et al. 2008
♀ body mass	27500 kg	N = 6	Nesti et al. 2010
♂ body mass	28220 kg	N = 23	Nesti et al. 2010

See also Rupicapra, Rupicapra pyrenaica, Rupicapra sp.