Mass: 4.2 kg based on Lee et al. 2014, Okabe and Agetsuma 2007, and Seki and Koganezawa 2011

Diet: invertivore-frugivore based on Sasaki and Kawabata 1994

Abundance: 0.08 to 60.53% (median 0.75%)

Latitudinal range: 30.0° to 52.9°

Habitats: (9), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (8), temperate coniferous forest (1)

Found in 18 samples

China: Hunchun National Reserve (winter), Hunchun National Reserve (summer), Zhoujiazhuang (Holocene), Shuangta (Holocene), Muzhuzhuliang (Holocene), Tianluoshan (Holocene)

Germany: Lower Oder Valley

Japan: Mt. Ohdaigahara (eastern area), Fujiyoshida City, Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (autumn 2000), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (winter 2001), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (spring 2001), Yukiiri Fureainosato Park (summer 2001), Torihama (Holocene)

Mongolia: Otson Tsokhio and Zuun Shovkh (Late Pleistocene), Zaraa Uul (Locus 2) (Holocene)

North Korea: Chongphadae Cave (Late Pleistocene)

Russia: Geographical Society Cave (Late Pleistocene)

♀ body mass	3970 kg	N = 1	Lee et al. 2014
♀ body mass	3800 kg	N = 10	Okabe and Agetsuma 2007
♀ body mass	5600 kg	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♀ body mass	5200 kg	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♀ body mass	5900 kg	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♂ body mass	4010 kg	N = 1	Lee et al. 2014
♂ body mass	3020 kg	N = 1	Lee et al. 2014
♂ body mass	4200 kg	N = 6	Okabe and Agetsuma 2007
♂ body mass	5200 kg	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♂ body mass	5600 kg	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♂ body mass	4700 kg	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♀ head and body length	510 mm	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♀ head and body length	515 mm	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♀ head and body length	540 mm	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♂ head and body length	545 mm	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♂ head and body length	550 mm	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011
♂ head and body length	520 mm	N = 1	Seki and Koganezawa 2011

See also Nyctereutes, Nyctereutes megamastoides, Nyctereutes sinensis