Trlica (Bed 10)
Basic information
Sample name: Trlica (Bed 10)
Reference: A. K. Agadzhanyan, I. A. Vislobokova, M. V. Shunkov, and V. A. Ulyanov. 2017. Pleistocene mammal fauna of the Trlica locality, Montenegro. Fossil Imprint 73(1-2):93-114 [ER 3942]
Geography
Country: Montenegro
Coordinate: 43° 21' 38" N, 19° 23' 0" E
Latlng basis: stated in text
Time interval: Early Pleistocene
Unit number: 10
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 1.8
Min Ma: 1.5
Age basis: zone
Geography comments: "2.5 km southeast of the town of Pljevlja and 1.6 km northeast of the mouth of the Cehotina River canyon"
a lengthy discussion of biochronology undergirds the date of 1.8 to 1.5 Ma given in the abstract
a lengthy discussion of biochronology undergirds the date of 1.8 to 1.5 Ma given in the abstract
Environment
Lithology: sandstone
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation, cave, rodent accumulation
Habitat comments: a "closed karstic cavity filled with loose deposits" and this bed is specifically "interbedding yellowish brown loams and loamy sands, travertine horizons, with interbeds rich in coprolite inclusions, teeth, and bones of large mammals and well traced scree paving. Bone of small mammals are relatively common... The bed is up to 60 cm thick" and was "formed mostly as proluvium"
the coprolites are "of hyenas... the cave was inhabited, periodically visited at least by hyenas and porcupines, and bats dwelt under the vault"
human artefacts are not mentioned and presumably absent
the coprolites are "of hyenas... the cave was inhabited, periodically visited at least by hyenas and porcupines, and bats dwelt under the vault"
human artefacts are not mentioned and presumably absent
Methods
Life forms: bats, carnivores, rodents, ungulates, other small mammals
Sampling methods: quarry, screenwash
Sample size: 631 specimens
Years: 2010 - 2014
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: "all sediments taken out of the cave were washed in sieves with 1 x 1 mm mesh"
Metadata
Sample no: 4345
Contributor no: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-08-18 13:39:10
Modified: 2023-08-18 03:39:10
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
32 species
7 singletons
total count 631
geometric series index: 49.3
Fisher's α: 7.117
geometric series k: 0.8609
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.9
Shannon's H: 2.6345
Good's u: 0.9889
Register
| †Ursus cf. etruscus (bear) | 3 | |
| plus 3 carnivores, 3 Ursus, and 5 Ursidae | ||
| †Ursus deningeri (bear) | 32 | |
| †Pachycrocuta brevirostris (hyena) | 19 | |
| plus 2 Hyaenidae | ||
| †Panthera cf. gombaszoegensis (Eurasian jaguar) | 4 | |
| "Panthera onca cf. gombaszogensis" | ||
| †Homotherium latidens (saber-toothed cat) | 10 | |
| "Homotherium crenatidens": see Anton et al. (2014) | ||
| †Megantereon cultridens (saber-toothed cat) | 1 | |
| plus 2 Felidae | ||
| †Canis etruscus (Etruscan wolf) | 8 | |
| plus 1 Canis | ||
| †Canis lycanoides | 2 | |
| "Lycaon lycaonoides": plus 3 Vulpes of Nyctereutes | ||
| Mustelidae indet. | 3 | |
| †Mammuthus ? meridionalis (southern mammoth) | 8 | |
| "Archidiskodon ? meridionalis": plus 8 Elephantidae, one possibly Palaeoloxodon | ||
| Palaeoloxodon sp. | 2 | |
| questionably referred | ||
| †Stephanorhinus etruscus (rhinoceros) | 104 | |
| plus 1 Rhinocerotidae | ||
| †Equus stenonis (horse) | 28 | |
| plus 4 Equus | ||
| †Equus cf. major (horse) | 15 | |
| Praemegaceros sp. | 87 | |
| Cervus elaphus acoronatus (red deer) | 60 | |
| "Cervus acoronatus": plus 13 Cervus | ||
| Capreolus sp. | 11 | |
| †Cervalces gallicus (deer) | 1 | |
| "Libralces cf. gallicus": see Breda and Marchetti (2005); plus 2 Libralces and 3 Alcini | ||
| Bison (Eobison) sp. | 98 | |
| †Leptobos cf. etruscus | 29 | |
| Gazellospira sp. | 1 | |
| Capra sp. | 5 | |
| questionably referred: plus 12 Caprinae | ||
| †Megalovis balcanicus | 65 | |
| plus 4 possible Megalovis | ||
| †Soergelia intermedia | 13 | |
| plus 5 possible Soergelia and 2 Bovidae | ||
| †Rhinolophus macrorhinus | 2 | |
| compared to anomalidens | ||
| Myotis blythii longocaninus | 1 | 24.6 g |
| plus 5 Chiroptera | ||
| †Mimomys pliocaenicus | 5 | |
| plus 19 in this species group | ||
| †Mimomys reidi | 2 | |
| plus 11 in this group and 7 MImomys | ||
| †Allophaiomys pliocaenicus | 1 | |
| plus 9 Microtini | ||
| Lagurus sp. | 1 | |
| †Hystrix refossa | 9 | |
| plus 5 Hystrix and 51 Rodentia | ||
| Pliolagus sp. | 1 | |
| plus 4 Leporini | ||