Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5)
Basic information
Sample name: Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5)
Reference: P. P. Joglekar, K. N. Dikshit, B. R. Mani, and B. Bhattcharya. 2018. Animal remains from Pre-Harappan and Early Harappan contexts at Kunal (2016-2017), Fatehabad District, Haryana. Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute 78:17-34 [ER 3373]
Geography
Country: India
State: Haryana
Coordinate: 30° 30' N, 76° 41' E
Latlng basis: stated in text
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3373
Unit number: 1
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.00525
Min Ma: 0.00455
Age basis: stage
Geography comments: "The site of Kunal in Fatehabad District, Haryana is located
12 km from Hansi town"
"Three cultural periods were recognised ... material collected from the Pre-Harappan and Early Harappan periods" are focused on
The Early Harappan period ranges from 3300–2600 BC
12 km from Hansi town"
"Three cultural periods were recognised ... material collected from the Pre-Harappan and Early Harappan periods" are focused on
The Early Harappan period ranges from 3300–2600 BC
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: human accumulation, settlement
Archaeology: bone tools, ceramics, metal tools, stone tools, other artifacts, other structures
Habitat comments: Artefacts uncovered at the Kunal site include tribal head attire, copper spearheads, steatite seals with geometrical patterns, terracotta antiques, arrowheads, fish hooks, two crowns, bangles, silver beads, gold pendants and over 12, 000 beads of semi precious stones.
Bone tools, micro blades made of chalcedony, copper fish hooks and arrow heads and various other artefacts were also found here.
The paper primarily reports and focuses on the faunal remains, although "a total of 29 fragments showed cut marks" and others were found "in a charred condition".
Bone tools, micro blades made of chalcedony, copper fish hooks and arrow heads and various other artefacts were also found here.
The paper primarily reports and focuses on the faunal remains, although "a total of 29 fragments showed cut marks" and others were found "in a charred condition".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores, rodents, ungulates, birds, clams, snails
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 183 specimens
Net or trap nights: 0
Basal area status: not applicable
Sampling comments: "The site was excavated ... during the 2016-2017 field season"
Skeletal elements from each locus of four trenches excavated "were
classified into broad groups" with "three categories made on a rough size
estimate" (small, medium, large)
They were subsequently identified "as per the protocol of faunal identification"
Skeletal elements from each locus of four trenches excavated "were
classified into broad groups" with "three categories made on a rough size
estimate" (small, medium, large)
They were subsequently identified "as per the protocol of faunal identification"
Metadata
Sample no: 3742
Contributor no: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2021-05-26 15:52:13
Modified: 2023-04-29 03:07:07
Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
20 species
6 singletons
total count 183
geometric series index: 38.0
Fisher's α: 5.72
geometric series k: 0.8048
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.812
Shannon's H: 2.1203
Good's u: 0.9675
Register
| Bos indicus (zebu) | 62 | |
| Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) | 10 | 425.0 kg |
| also 215 Bovinae indet. "Bos/Bubalus" | ||
| Capra aegagrus hircus (wild goat) | 7 | |
| "Capra hircus" | ||
| Ovis aries (sheep) | 4 | |
| also 24 Caprinae indet. "Capra/Ovis" | ||
| Urva edwardsii | 1 | |
| "Herpestes edwardsii" | ||
| Canis lupus familiaris (gray wolf) | 2 | 43.0 kg |
| "Canis familiaris" | ||
| Equus africanus asinus (African wild ass) | 1 | |
| "Equus asinus" | ||
| Bos gaurus (gaur) | 2 | 481.0 kg |
| Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai) | 2 | 263.0 kg |
| Axis axis (chital) | 9 | 40.0 kg |
| Cervus unicolor (sambar deer) | 3 | |
| Tetracerus quadricornis (four-horned antelope) | 8 | |
| Antilope cervicapra (blackbuck) | 2 | 41.0 kg |
| Sus scrofa (pig) | 25 | |
| 21 of these are recorded as "Sus domesticus" | ||
| Hystrix indica | 3 | 13.0 kg |
| Elephas maximus (Asian elephant) | 1 | 3711.0 kg |
| Pavo cristatus | 1 | 4.8 kg |
| Lamellidens sp. | 1 | |
| Digoniostoma pulchella | 38 | |
| Corbicula regularis | 1 | |