Mass: 5.3 kg based on Cavallini 1997, Mohamed 2016, Bellows and Mitchell 2002, and Layne 1958

Diet: carnivore based on Panek and Bresinski 2002 and Zhang et al. 2011; carnivore-frugivore based on Ables 1969 and Hockman and Chapman 1983; carnivore-insectivore based on Azevedo et al. 2006

Abundance: 0.10 to 47.47% (median 5.11%)

Latitudinal range: -37.3° to 47.4°

Habitats: Mediterranean woodland (2), desert/xeric shrubland (2), montane grassland (3), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (10), temperate coniferous forest (3), temperate savanna (1), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (2)

Found in 23 samples

Afghanistan: Nuristan Province

Australia: Kangaroo Valley (low cattle disturbance), Goonoo State Conservation Area (on-track, pre-baiting), Ben Boyd National Park and Nadgee Nature Reserve

China: Altun Mountains, Suojia Township, Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve

France: Côte d’Or

Italy: Western Trento Province (2012)

Japan: Mt. Ohdaigahara (eastern area)

Kyrgyzstan: SaryChat Ertash Zapovednik (ridge), Jangart Hunting Reserve (ridge)

Lebanon: Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve (spring)

Pakistan: Khunjerab National Park

Romania: Southern Transylvania

Turkey: Yaylacik Research Forest, Ciglikara Nature Reserve, Barhal Stream

United States: Memphis, Richlands, Boulder County, North Fork of the Cache la Poudre River

Yemen: Hawf

♀ body mass	4940 kg	N = 125	Cavallini 1997
♀ body mass	600 g	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ body mass	1900 kg	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ body mass	4900 kg	N = 1	Bellows and Mitchell 2002
♂ body mass	5750 kg	N = 205	Cavallini 1997
♂ body mass	4848 kg	N = 1	Layne 1958
♂ body mass	1300 kg	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ body mass	2900 kg	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ body mass	2100 kg	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ total body length	590 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ total body length	800 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ total body length	970 mm	N = 1	Bellows and Mitchell 2002
♂ total body length	1031 mm	N = 1	Layne 1958
♂ total body length	645 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ total body length	885 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ total body length	960 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ tail length	230 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ tail length	320 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ tail length	360 mm	N = 1	Bellows and Mitchell 2002
♂ tail length	365 mm	N = 1	Layne 1958
♂ tail length	290 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ tail length	390 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ tail length	410 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ hind foot length	95 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ hind foot length	120 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ hind foot length	149 mm	N = 1	Bellows and Mitchell 2002
♂ hind foot length	165 mm	N = 1	Layne 1958
♂ hind foot length	105 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ hind foot length	130 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ hind foot length	140 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ ear length	60 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ ear length	80 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ ear length	79 mm	N = 1	Bellows and Mitchell 2002
♂ ear length	70 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ ear length	90 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ ear length	90 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ skull length	85.9 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ skull length	97.4 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ skull length	121.2 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ skull length	113.4 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ condylobasal length	80.4 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ condylobasal length	91.9 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ condylobasal length	117.6 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ condylobasal length	109.7 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ skull width	51.7 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ skull width	56.1 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ skull width	68.1 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ skull width	59.6 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ interorbital breadth	16.5 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ interorbital breadth	18.1 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ interorbital breadth	23.7 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ interorbital breadth	20.9 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♀ lower tooth row length	37.9 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ lower tooth row length	41.3 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ lower tooth row length	63.4 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016
♂ lower tooth row length	59.3 mm	N = 1	Mohamed 2016

See also Vulpes, Vulpes cana, Vulpes chama, Vulpes ferrilata, Vulpes sp.